Country Explain | A Brief about Country's Economy | Comparative Analysis of Countries

 No Country Can Really Develop Unless It's Citizens Are Educated

Hello friends, recently you must have heard that per capita GDP of Bangladesh has become more than per capita GDP of India. So today we will talk on this topic but first we need to know some information about Bangladesh and India so that comparison can be done easily.

About Bangladesh: 

Bangladesh has a population of 16 crore and it comes in 6th number in the whole world, the area of Bangladesh is 1,48,460 square  kilometre and it comes at 192nd number all over the world. 

GDP (PPP): $864,883 billion which comes at 30th rank in the world

GDP (Nominal): $317,768 billion which comes at 40th in the world.

Per Capita Income (PPP): $5,139 which comes 135th in the world.

Per Capita Income (Nominal): $1,888 which comes 140th in the world

Gini Coefficient: 32.4 which comes in the medium range.

Human Development Index (HDI): 0.164 which comes under medium range.

Textile manufacturing is the main contributor to GDP in Bangladesh, it comes on 2nd position in textile export after China.

About India:

India's area is 32,87,263 square kilometre and it is the 7th largest in the world, India's population is 135 crore which is 2nd largest in the world.

GDP (PPP): $12.36 trillion which is 3rd in the world.

GDP (Nominal): $3.2 trillion which is 5th in the world.

Per Capita Income (Total PPP GDP/ total Pollution)

GDP (PPP): $7,680

GDP (Nominal): $2,171 which is 139th in the world.

Human Development Index (HDI): 0.647 which comes under medium range and 129th in the world.

Gini Coefficient: 35.2 which is 95th in the world.

The IMF has said in its fiscal year 2020 forecast report that per capita GDP in 2020 will be something like this:

Bangladesh: $1,890

India: $1888 

China: $10,840

But this growth of Bangladesh is just temporary and in the next year India will come forward again, it has happened before in the 1990s. But if we talk about 5 years ago, Bangladesh's per capita GDP was 25% less than India. 

IMF also forecasts its overall GDP growth for the year 2020-21.

India: -10.3%

Bangladesh: +3.8%

Bangladesh is among the 3 South Asian countries whose GDP growth will remain positive this year, the remaining 2 are China and Myanmar.

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Policy Explain | National Educational Policy of India 2020 | NEP 2020

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

Hello friends, today we will know about the third National Policy on Education. This blog is the third part of our three part blog series, the other two blogs will be found below.

National Education Policy 2020 was approved by Union Cabinet on 29th July 2020, this policy has been brought by Narendra Modi government. Under this policy, there is a plan to completely transform education in India by 2030. 

In January 2015, a committee was formed under the former Cabinet Secretary TSR Subramaniam who started consulting with experts for a new education policy. The panel of former ISRO chief Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan submitted the draft of NEP in 2019.

Now let's talk about what provisions were brought in the third NEP:

1. In this policy, the mother tongue and regional languages were asked to promote as a medium of instruction. Classes have been asked to get studies done only in regional languages till the fifth or even beyond that.

The detailed strategy  regarding languages will be stated in the National Curriculum Framework of 2021.

2. 10+2 structure has been replaced with 5+3+3+4 model, it will have 5 years of foundation(from pre school to 2nd class), three will be preparatory(from class 3rd to class 5th), next three years will be middle(from class 6th to class 8th) and last four years will be secondary(from class 9th to class 12th).

Instead of every academic year, there is a proposal to get exams in the third, fifth and eight grades. Board exams will be held in tenth and twelfth only.

3. Coding will be introduced in schools from class 6th itself.

4. This policy focuses on reducing the curriculum load from students and making them inter-disciplinary. For example: Students were not able to study fashion studies with physics earlier but will now  be able to study.

5. Focus on students' health has been provided by providing counselors and social help. The breakfast has also been included in the mid-day meal scheme.

6. This policy will bring 4 year multi-disciplinary undergraduate programs with multi exit options.

(a) If student leaves the course in one year, then student will get a certificate.

(b) Diploma will be given on dropout on two years

(c) Degree will be given on dropout at the third year

(d) And after completing 4 years, student will get degree with research certificate.

7. M.Phil course will be discontinued.

8. NTA(National Testing Agency) will now conduct entrance exam of  every Central and State University. Along with NEET and JEE mains exams.

9. After the enforcement of this policy, International universities will also be able to conduct their campuses in India.

10. Higher Education Council of India(HECL) will be set up which regulate higher education all over the India and its goal will be to increase the gross enrollment ratio.

11. The fees of both public and private universities will be fixed.

12. To become a teacher, 4 year bachelor's degree will be compulsory.

13. The target of this policy is to increase the budget of education policy to 6% or 4% as soon as possible.

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Policy Explain | National Educational Policy of India 1986 | NEP 1986

"An investment in knowledge pays the best interest"

Hello friends, today we will know about the 2nd National Education Policy. This blog is the second blog of our 3 part blog series. In the first blog, we talked about the 1st NEP which came in 1968. 2nd National Education Policy came in 1986, it was brought to the then Rajiv Gandhi government.

Highlights of the Policy:

1. In this policy, steps have been taken to ensure that women, SC and ST in community also get equal educational opportunities.

2. New scholarships were introduced for different groups in the policy by increasing the scope of scholarship. Giving incentives to poor families so that they can send children to schools regular. 

3. In this policy, the "Operational Blackboard" was launched to improve the standard of primary schools across the country.

4. Every district was asked to open a Navodaya School. These schools were created to provide high quality education so that promising students can get good education facilities. 

5. To promote vocational education, SUPW and work experience on primary stage from class 1st to 5th has been made an integral part of the curriculum.

6. Vocational programs at secondary and higher stage were asked to provide as optional subject. More ITIs were opened in the country so that pass out students from secondary can do vocational courses. Asked to provide apprenticeship training for ITIs students.

7. Till 1986, there were just 21 autonomous colleges in the country, in this policy, the plan was to increase their number to 500.

8. To introduce specialization programs in higher education.

9. In this policy, IGNOU(Indira Gandhi National Open University) was established in 1985 by increasing the open university system.

10. "Rural Universities" and "Rural Institutes" to be opened in rural area.

11. New management colleges will be opened.

12. Flexible credit system and multi-point entry system introduced in Technical, Management degrees and Diploma programs.

13. Computers have been subjected to compulsory subjects in every technical and management institutions.

14. Yoga should be developed at every education stage.

15. Regional languages should be taken as a medium of instruction at university level. Hindi, Sanskrit, English and other foreign languages should also be developed at university level.

16. Increase education budget to 6% of GDP.

The National Education Policy of 1986 was modified in 1992 by the government of P.V. Narashima Rao:

1. This policy was also asked to promote education in women, tribals, SCs and backward classes.

2.  Vocational courses to be promoted for skill development in students.

3. Books should be provided at low prices. Libraries across the country should be improved and new libraries opened.

4. Undertake a nationwide infrastructure development program to develop sports and physical education.

5. All India based common entrance examination for professional and technical programs stated like AIMPT, AIEEE and SLEEE.

6. Target set to increase national literacy to 70% by 2002.

7. Ministry of Human Resource Development will review the growth of the policy after every 5 years.

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Policy Explain | First National Educational Policy of India

 "Education is the most powerful Weapon which you can use to change the world" 

Hello friends, today this blog is about the National Educational Policies. As you must have heard that the Modi Government has announced 3rd National Educational Policy on 29th July 2020. This blog is going to be a 3 part blog and in this we will know about the all three national education policies in India.

So let's start with the first education policy which came in 1968. Till 1968 India did not have good educational level, literacy rate was also very low. Congress MP at that time, Siddheshwar Prasad raised questions on the government regarding education in Parliament. The Kothari commission was formed in 1964, which drafted the first National Education Policy. Indira Gandhi government brought first education policy in 1968.

Announcements in 1st Education Policy:

1. Free and Compulsory Education:

Every child up to 14 years of age will get free education and the schools will be suitable developed so that the studies will be more effective.

2. Status Emolument and Education of Teachers:

Every teacher will get freedom that they can study further even while teaching and can conduct independent research on national and international topics.

3. Development of Languages:

To promote regional languages in primary and secondary levels, 3 language formula introduced in which in the north Indian states, apart from Hindi and English, a southern language was asked to adopt in schools. And in the south Indian states, it was said to adapt Hindi and English with the regional language there.

4. Equalization of Education Opportunity:

Some steps were taken to increase the standard of education in the rural regions like students will be given admission in special schools on the basis of merit, free studentship will be provided at school level, to promote girl education, to promote education among backward classes and tribal people, opened special schools for physically and mentally handicapped children.

5. Identification of Talent:

Talented students will be supported to move forward by providing them opportunities.

6. To start national and community services programs in schools and colleges like NSS,NCC, etc.

7. To promote scientific education & research.

8. Education for Agriculture & Industry:

It is mandatory to made at least one special agriculture and industry university in every state. Giving practical training in the industry within technical education has also been made compulsory. Continuous review will be taken of agricultural, industrial and technical manpower so that output will be maintained with the educational institutions.

9. To improve the quality of books & make the books more interactive.

10. Examination Reforms so that proper examination can be conduct on time.

11. To promote technical & vocational education in secondary level.

12. University Education:

Policies and standards should be set to open a new university. Courses will be given special attention at post graduate level. Research and training standards will be defined. Universities were asked to provide part time and correspondence courses.

13. A nation-wide program launched to promote physical education. Colleges and Universities were asked to promote sports.

14. Growth of Education in Minorities.

15. 10+2+3 pattern was introduced in which schools, higher secondary schools and colleges were included.

16. Government decided to increase the expenditure on education to 6%.

17. It will be reviewed in every 5 years that how much progress has been made in the goals set in the National Education Policy. And guidelines for future development will also be decided in the review.

Analysis

There were a number of reasons why the first National Education Policy of 1968 could not achieve much success.

1. There was no proper program of action.

2. There was a shortage of funds, at that time the growth of the Indian economy was very low, so there was a shortage of funds for education.

3. Till 1976, education was a subject of states, so the center could not change the policies of states in it, center could only issue guidelines but later in 1976, under the 42nd Amendment, education was included in the concurrent list.

Thank you for reading this article hope you like it and get some knowledge, you can also comment what do you like and what you don't for suggestion. You can subscribe our blog for the notifications of many new interesting blogs. And you can also  watch our YouTube video that we made on this topic in Hindi Language. Keep Loving & Keep Supporting.

Country Explain | A Brief About Country History, Country Development, Country Economy

"Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today"   ~ Malcolm X

 

Today we are going to know about the story of South Korea who becomes a developed nation from the underdeveloped country. To know about this first of all we have to know about South Korea's History.

Modern History:

From 1910 to 1945 Korea was a colony of Japanese empire. During the Japan colonialism 8 companies were formed that have become very big today like LG, Mitsubishi and many more.Those companies were started because there was a lot of foreign trade at that time and Japan traded heavily through Korea. The majority of rich people in Korea were Japanese. 

Japan also attacked all the islands in the pacific region and this is the case during the World War. At that time, Japan had exploited Korea a lot economically and Korea came into the poorest areas of the world. There was also a lot of hunger. When Japan lost the World War in 1945, it surrendered that area and went back. The sub-Korean territory was divided into two parts the southern part had gone to the US and the northern to the USSR. From 1945 to 1960, the Korean war continued in the meantime, up to 25% of the properties were damaged.

Then How Was The Country Recovered?

In 1950, when the first government was formed in Korea, it brought the Farm Land Reform Act. Under the act, the government privatized all the land in Korea which was occupied by Japan and distributed it among the poor farmers. In 1963, Japan gave $800 million to Korea as an economic co-operation because it had done too much economic exploitation in Korea. Earlier in 1961, the military overthrew the their Democratic Party under the Junta rule. At that time, Korea was heavily dependent on foreign aid, due to this, Koreans started building the structure of self-supporting economy. And the first five year plan was brought our, that five year plan was focused on these things: Agriculture, Energy Industries like Electricity, Coal Mine, Transport facilities like Train, Airport, Roads and Export Payment was also taken care so that the Balance of Payment goes to surplus.

Korea focused on heavy electronic industries from 1972 to 1981, which resulted in Korea become the 11th largest economy in the world. Similarly, Korea moved from the list of very poor countries to the list of rich countries in 35 years. Korea's 30% of GDP started coming from the industry sector itself. It is also called Miracle of Han River, Korea also hosted the Olympics in 1988.

Comparison India Vs Korea 

Both South Korea and India started with the agriculture based economy. But South Korea brought structural transformation in its policies that opened up a lot of doors for foreign markets in the country. And their export-oriented policies proved to be the trump card for the Korea.

South Korea had a very good growth rate from the 1960's to early 2000's but currently India is one of the fastest growing economy in the world. As you have seen in this trend, the green trend is of South Korea and the blue one is of India. In the initial trend, South Korea is in very good growth from India. But India has been growing much better than Korea since 2000. 

If we now talk about GDP, South Korea's GDP is $1.626 trillion and it comes in the 12th rank of the world. At the same time, India's GDP is $3.2 trillion and it is ranked 5th in the world. But when we talk about per capita income then these facts becomes reversed Korea's per capita income is $31,430 and it ranks 27th in the world whereas per capita income of India is $2,171 and it is ranked 139th in the world.

Human Development Index that is HDI it s a composite mixture of health, education, life expectancy and per capita income. India has got 0.647 points in this, which comes in the medium range. On the other hand, South Korea has got 0.906 points which comes in very high range. If we talk about rankings, India is at 129th position and Korea is at 22nd position. Inequality of income is almost common in India and South Korea. According to Oxfam's report India's 1% population holds the 73% wealth of the country.

South Korea has greatly promoted the education in its country. That's why today Korea has become the territory in the world where most people are graduated. And South Korea along with Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong are in the list of developed countries of Asia. There has been a loss in the stock market many times and the reason is the military crisis of the North Korea. It has brought many influences in the financial market of South Korea.

Thank you for reading this article hope you like it and get some knowledge, you can also comment what do you like and what you don't for suggestion. You can subscribe our blog for the notifications of many new interesting blogs. And you can also  watch our YouTube video that we made on this topic in Hindi Language. Keep Loving & Keep Supporting.